Tesserae are defined as radar-bright, topographically elevated, equidimensional or elongated areas that are complexly deformed by at least two sets of coupled contractional (ridges) and extensional (grooves) tectonic structures. 4) is among the most deformed regions on Venus. The surrounding plains embay practically all tessera massifs, meaning that the tessera is the oldest recognizable unit on Venus. The elevated regions where the major rift zones are associated with coronae and large volcanoes represent another type of territory where tessera terrain is rare or absent. Tessera terrain is concentrated in the equatorial zone and at high northern latitudes there is a distinct paucity of tessera terrain south of about 30° S ( Figure 5), where the vast low-lying plains dominate the surface of Venus. The smaller tesserae are within the midlands and only a few small fragments of a tessera occur on the floor of large lowland basins. The largest tesserae occur on the surface of major plateau-shaped highlands of Venus ( Figure 1B). Tesserae cover ∼8% of the surface of Venus the size of individual tessera occurrences varies from a few hundred kilometres up to several thousand kilometres. ![]() The tessera terrain ( Figure 4) is among the most deformed regions on Venus.
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